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| fp64 ACE9040 provides all the speech signal processing and data/sat tone filtering needed for amps or tacs analog cellular telephones. transmit voice channel functions comprise a microphone amplifier, soft limiter, bandpass filter, compressor, hard limiter, lowpass filter and a gain controlled amplifier to set deviation level. additional transmit circuits include a dtmf generator, data and sat filters, deviation setting amplifiers for data/st and sat and a modulation combiner. ACE9040s receive path comprises a bandpass filter, expander, volume control and power amplifiers to directly drive an earpiece or handsfree transducer. gain settings, mute switches and filter characteristics are programmed via a three wire serial interface. to implement a handsfree function, both transmit and receive paths have rectifiers for signal amplitude monitoring via an external pin and signal path attenuators controlled via the serial interface. ACE9040 combines minimum power consumption with low external component count. standby modes greatly reduce supply current and extend battery charge intervals. features ? low power and low voltage (36 to 50 v) operation ? power down modes ? direct connections to microphone and earpiece ? compander with wide operating range: compressor 74 db typ., expander 36 db typ. ? sat bandpass and data lowpass filters ? handsfree operation supported ? dtmf generator ? serial bus controlled gains and filter responses ? part of the ace integrated cellular phone chipset ? tqfp 64 pin 10x10 mm or 7x7 mm packages applications ? amps and tacs cellular telephones ? two-way radio systems related products ACE9040 is part of the following chipset: ? ace9020 receiver and transmitter interface ? ace9030 radio interface and twin synthesiser ? ace9050 system controller and data modem absolute maximum ratings supply voltage 6 v storage temperature - 5 5 cto+150 c operating temperature - 4 0 cto+85 c voltage at any pin - 0.3 v to v dd + 0.3 v ACE9040 audio processor advance information ds4289 issue 4.1 january 2001 ordering information industrial temperature range ACE9040j/iw/fp1n 6 4 l ead (10x10mm) lqfp t rays . b ak e and dry pack . ACE9040j/iw/fp1q 6 4 lead (10x10mm) lqfp t ap e an d reel. bake and dry pack ACE9040j/iw/fp2n 64 lead (7x7mm) lqfp t rays . ba ke and dry pack . ACE9040j/iw/fp2q 6 4 l ead (7x7mm) lqfp t ape a nd re el . b a ke and dry pack . amp mi modulation summing amplifier dtmf dati tsi rsi compressor data filter (low pass) generate/ transpond filters and deviation set dtmf gen. tx sat filter rx sat filter rx filter set levels control logic expanderrxi sclk len sd stby set deviation volume line output lo epon epop rso tso dato mod sumo sumi tlpo feed- back figure 2 - ACE9040 simplified block diagram figure 1 - pin connections - top view note: pin 1 is identified by moulded spot and by coding orientation. (* 7 x 7 mm package and 10 x10 mm package pinouts on page 3) fp64 nc nc\dvss* ampi nc\len* prein dvss\dvdd* tbpo len\vmidrx* cin dvdd\lo* crcin vmidrx\stby* vmidtx lo\evdd* crcout stby\epon* nc evdd\nc* cout epon\nc* txc evss rxc epop ips eampfb slo eampo mi ein micbias ercout vdd ampo dec dtmf hf nc li v485 rref bgap bias tlpo avdd sumi dati sumo tsi mod rsi avss rxi dato rbpo tso eampi rso hfgin sd eout sclk ercin lvn ACE9040 1
2 ACE9040 advance information figure 3 - ACE9040 detailed block diagram 180k ? 10nf 3.3 f rxi dati 8 low pass filter 11 tonem vmidrx datm vmidrx vmidtx bias generator 2 6 5 64 44 dec bias rref micbias bgap 100/ 68*k ? 10nf *vdd = 3.75v rsi 10 rxsat filter 9 tsi -12 db / 0 db dtmf 47 dtmf vdo 220 k ? 33 lvn _ + vth vdd 4 63 li mli mi slo ips 10nf soft limiter 62 61 inpsense dtmfm 92% detect level dtmf mode pre- emphasis txsat filter -15db sats 10db datadev rxbpf rxm expgain 12 18 16 17 27 15 vmidrx 33nf rbpo ein ercout ercin eout hfgin expander 100nf 82nf 10nf comp[2:1] schmitt satdev vmidrx 3 & 97% detect levels test [1:0] txbpf hfgain 10nf 180k ? 100nf compressor 52 53 56 54 55 58 51 tbpo cin crcout crcin cout prein avss dvss v485 evss 33nf 82nf 39 30 45 22 gain control test [2:1] test [1:0] pre- emphasis handsfree rectifier rxc hfs txc sd handsfree rectifier rxlevel hfatten sidetone lodrive earsense 14 eampi eampfb eampo 13 20 19 eamp _ + vmidrx sub 124728 vdd evdd avdd dvdd 21 23 eph0/ eph1 eph0/eph1 26 hiz 38 epop epon lo dato 60 50 48 _ + vmidtx txsense _ + vmidtx 36 37 41 42 40 3 59 hard limit -8 db test[0] txlpf txm vmidtx audiodev tlpo driver 43 tlpo serial interface 25 29 35 34 stby len sd sclk txc 68nf sumi mod hf tso sumo rso rxc ampi ampo 68nf 33 f 64 ? 150 ? mis advance information 3 ACE9040 pin no. pin no. name description fp2 package fp1 package 11v dd v dd supply to substrate, pin should be at highest d.c. voltage 2 2 dec mid-supply reference decoupling connection, 3.3 f to gnd 3 3 hf output from tx or rx handsfree rectifier, switched by bit hfs 4 4 li line input 5 5 rref reference bias current set for all op-amps by resistor to gnd 6 6 bias buffered mid-supply reference output 77av dd analogue v dd input 8 8 dati transmit data input 9 9 tsi sat path input for locally generated tone 10 10 rsi sat path receiver input for received tone 11 11 rxi speech path receiver input 12 12 rbpo audio output from expgain block 13 13 eampi output from earsense amp 14 14 hfgin input to rx volume control and handsfree attenuator 15 15 eout expander speech output 16 16 ercin expander time constant input, 180 k ? to ercout, 100 nf to gnd 17 17 ercout expander time constant output, 180 k ? to ercin 18 18 ein expander speech input, 33 nf to rbpo 19 19 eampo output from eamp op-amp 20 20 eampfb inverting input to eamp op-amp 21 21 epop earpiece driver positive output 22 22 ev ss earpiece v ss (gnd) supply connection - 23/24 nc no connection 23 25 epon earpiece driver negative output 24 26 ev dd earpiece v dd supply input 25 27 stby standby output: low indicates standby state, high is v dd output @ 10 ma 26 28 lo line output 27 29 vmidrx rx path mid-supply reference voltage, 82 nf to gnd 28 30 dv dd digital v dd 29 31 len serial interface latch signal input, rising edge triggered 30 32 dv ss digital v ss (gnd) connection 31/32 - nc no connection 33 33 lvn low supply v dd voltage indicator comparator output, reset active low output 34 34 sclk serial interface system clock input 35 35 sd serial interface data input 36 36 rso received (regenerated) sat output 37 37 tso transmit sat output, regenerated or transponded 38 38 dato transmit data filter output. 39 39 av ss analogue v ss (gnd) 40 40 mod modulation output: sum of speech, data and sat 41 41 sumo modulation summing amplifier output 42 42 sumi modulation summing amplifier input 43 43 tlpo transmit audio lowpass filter output 44 44 bgap bandgap voltage output, 10 nf to gnd 45 45 v485 hard limiter gain selection for 3.75 v or 4.85 v nominal supplies 46 46 nc no connection 47 47 dtmf dtmf tone output 48 48 ampo auxillary op-amp output 49 49 nc no connection 50 50 ampi auxillary op-amp inverting input (non-inverting internally connected to vmidtx) 51 51 prein transmit pre-emphasis filter input 52 52 tbpo transmit bandpass filter output 53 53 cin compressor audio input, 10 nf from tbpo 54 54 crcin compressor time constant input, 100 nf to gnd, 180 k ? to crcout 55 55 vmidtx tx path reference voltage, 82 nf to gnd 56 56 crcout compressor time constant output, 180 k ? to crcin 57 57 nc no connection 58 58 cout compressor audio output, 33 nf to prein 59 59 txc transmit handsfree audio level sensing rectifier smoothing filter, 68 nf to gnd 60 60 rxc received handsfree audio level sensing rectifier smoothing filter, 68 nf to gnd 61 61 ips transmit audio gain inpsense adjustment block input 62 62 slo soft limiter output 63 63 mi microphone input 64 64 micbias bias for electret or active microphone pin descriptions note: fp1 = 10 x 10mm package, fp2 = 7 x 7 mm package 4 ACE9040 advance information characteristic symbol value unit conditions min. typ. max. supply current and power down modes operating supply current i dd 15 ma v dd = 4.85 v r ref = 100 k ? 15 ma v dd = 3.75 v r ref = 68 k ? standby attenuation of all inputs signals 40 db wakeup response time 10 ms sleep (standby with clk stopped) supply current* i dd(sleep) 200 a stby bit set v dd = 3.75 delay between setting stby bit and 20 s stopping clock delay to starting clock after wakeup 100 s characteristic value unit conditions min. typ. max. transmission path microphone amp, mi to slo pins input bias v dd /2 internal 150 k ? bias resistor to v dd /2 microphone input gain (lo) 21 22 23 db mis = 1, mli = 0, mig = 0 microphone input gain (hi) 31 32 33 db mis = 1, mli = 0, mig = 1 microphone crosstalk (no mi signal) C 40 db mis = 1, mli = 0, mig = 1 line input, li to slo pins input bias v dd /2 internal 100 k ? bias resistor li input gain (0db) C 0.5 0.5 db mis = 0, mli = 0, mig = 0 li input gain (lo) 21 22 23 db mis = 1, mli = 1, mig = 0 li input gain (hi) 31 32 33 db mis = 1, mli = 1, mig = 1 li input crosstalk (no li signal) C 40 db mis = 1, mli = 1, mig = 1 soft deviation limiter, li to slo pins nominal gain 0 db limiter not functioning. attenuation range C 30 C 29 db attenuation steps 0.27 0.5 0.67 db distortion 2 %thd output at 1 vrms attack level:hard limiter output 3 97 % v dd attack level at tbpo pin 92 % v dd d.c. input at ips test[1:0] = 11 attack time 40 s per gain step when signal outside threshold decay time 1.68 ms per gain step inpsense gain stage, ips to tbpo pins nominal gain 7.5 8 8.5 db input = 100 mv rms, inps[4:0] = 15, thf = 0 db, gain adjustment range C 12 12.8 db relative to nominal gain input = 100 mv rms, gain step size 0.6 0.8 1.2 db inps[4:0] = 0 to 31, thf = 0 db electrical characteristics these characteristics are guaranteed over the following conditions unless otherwise stated (note 1): t amb = C 40 c to + 85 c, v dd = 3.6 v to 5.0 v note 1. 100% production tested at 25 c but guaranteed over specified temperature range. * standby current measured with the 1.008 mhz clock stopped and sclk at a level <200 mv. advance information 5 ACE9040 characteristic value unit conditions min. typ. max. tx audio bandpass filter txbpf, ips to tbpo noise C 72 dbv distortion 1 %thd 1 vrms output frequency response relative to 1040 hz C 60.5 C 38.5 db f = 60 hz C 25.5 C 10.5 db f = 184 hz inpsense = 0 db C 1.0 + 0.5 db f = 430 hz thf = 0 db C 0.5 + 0.5 db f = 676 hz, 1040 hz C 0.5 + 0.5 db f = 1410 hz, 1900 hz C 1.5 C 0.5 db f = 3260 hz C 3.0 C 1.5 db f = 3500 hz C 10.5 C 5 db f = 4120 hz C 20.5 C 15.5 db f = 5590 hz C 90.5 C 30.5 db f = 9900 hz tx handsfree gain stage hfgain nominal gain 0 db gain range C 52.5 C 49 C 45.5 db thf[2:0] = 0 to 7 gain step size 6.5 7 7.5 db 0 to C21 db gain step size 5 7 9 db C28 to C49 db tx compressor stage, cin to cout pins unity gain level 636 707 777 mvrms = vref (unaffected level) input range 0.79 1000 mvrms linearity cin to cout: 0.5 db cin = vref + 3 db to vref - 59 db (deviation from 2:1 i/o relationship) bw = 300 hz to 3.4 khz attack time 3 ms 12 db step: - 8 db to - 20 db relative to the unity gain (vref) level decay time 13.5 ms attack & decay levels = 1.5 and 0.75 of steady state final value distortion 2 %thd bw = 300 hz - 3.4 khz frequency response 0.2 db bw = 300 hz - 3.4 khz tx pre-emphasis, prein to tlpo pins input impedance 75 k ? internal compressor and bar: nominal gain tacs C 7.5 C 7 C 6.5 db comp[2:1] = 10 or 01 at 1 khz nominal gain amps C 11.5 C 11 C 10.5 db external compressor and bypass: nominal gain amps & tacs C 0.5 0 + 0.5 db comp[2:1] = 11 or 00 at 1 khz frequency response 5.8 6 6.2 db/ test[1:0] = 01 octave preemph = 0 (active) f = 300 to 3400 hz electrical characteristics these characteristics are guaranteed over the following conditions unless otherwise stated (note 1): t amb = C 40 c to + 85 c, v dd = 3.6 v to 5.0 v 6 ACE9040 advance information characteristic value unit conditions min. typ. max. hard deviation limiter gain 13 13.5 14 db v485 pin = 0 v (for v dd = 3.75 v) 15.5 16 16.5 db v485 pin = v dd (for v dd = 4.85 v) low pass filter txlpf, prein to tlpo pins distortion 1.5 %thd 1.5 vp-p output level noise C 60 dbv bw = 30 hz to 30 khz frequency response tacs/amps 0.3 0.7 db f = 307 hz relative to 1 khz C 0.5 + 0.5 db f = 676 hz, 1040 hz C 0.5 + 0.5 db f = 1410 hz, 1900 hz C 3.0 C 1.5 db f = 3010 hz C 38.0 C 13.0 db f = 3500 hz C 60.0 C 38.0 db f = 4120 hz C 60.0 C 38.0 db f = 5590 hz C 60.0 C 38.0 db f = 9900 hz C 60.0 C 35.0 db f = 11870 hz C 60.0 C 35.0 db f = 14950 hz gain C 8.5 C 8 C 7.5 db attenuation with txlpf bypassed 8 db test[0] = 1 gain stage audiodev, prein to tlpo nominal gain 0 db output at tlpo gain adjustment - 2.8 3.2 db attenuation step size 0.2 0.4 0.6 db control bits: audev[3:0] txm switch attenuation C 60 db audiodev = 0 db combined tx path gain with 3.5 v at microphone input 33.5 37.5 db insense = 0 db, v485 = 0 v distortion 1.0 % thd thf & audiodev = 0 db noise C 55.0 dbv mi gain = 22 db, v dd = 3.6 v output d.c. level 1.65 1.9 v compressor bypassed electrical characteristics these characteristics are guaranteed over the following conditions unless otherwise stated (note 1): t amb = C 40 c to + 85 c, v dd = 3.6 v to 5.0 v advance information 7 ACE9040 electrical characteristics these characteristics are guaranteed over the following conditions unless otherwise stated (note 1): t amb = C 40 c to + 85 c, v dd = 3.6 v to 5.0 v characteristic value unit conditions min. typ. max. receive path rx input stage rxsense, rxi to rbpo pins input bias v dd /2 internally biased to v dd /2 by 150 k ? nominal gain 7.25 8 8.75 db gain adjustment range C 6 6.4 db input 40 mvrms at rxi gain adjustment step size 0.2 0.4 0.6 db rxm = 1, rxsense = 0 to 31 rx audio bandpass filter rxbpf gain 0 db distortion 1 %thd at 1 khz with 40 mvrms input noise C 65 db bw= 30 hz to 30 khz frequency response C 90.0 C 45.0 db f = 60 hz rxsense = 0 db relative to 1040 hz C 15.0 C 7.0 db f = 184 hz comp[1:0] = 00 C 2.0 + 0.5 db f = 430 hz C 0.5 + 0.5 db f = 676 hz, 1040 hz C 0.5 + 0.5 db f = 1410 hz, 1900 hz C 3.0 C 0.5 db f = 3260 hz C 10.0 C 6.0 db f = 3500 hz C 40.0 C 25.0 db f = 4120 hz C 40.0 C 25.0 db f = 5590 hz C 90.0 C 40.0 db f = 9900 hz rxm mute switch attenuation C 40 db output switched to v dd /2 when muted. rx internal expander gain expgain: internal 11.8 12.3 12.8 db comp[2:1] = 10 external and bypass 0 db comp[2:1] = 00 or 11 unity gain level 850 1000 1200 mvrms = vref (unaffected level) linearity ein to eout 1 db ein = vref to vref - 33 db (deviation from 2:1 input/output) bw = 300 to 3400 hz distortion 2 %thd 1 vrms frequency response 0.2 db 300 to 3400 hz attack time 3 ms 6 db step (- 4 db and -10 db) relative to the unity gain (vref) level at 1 khz to pin ein. output at eout. decay time 13.5 ms attack and delay time levels = 0.57 and 1.5 of final steady state value. rx volume control rxlevel nominal gain C 11 C 12 C 13 db rxv[2:0] = 3, rhf = 0 db gain adjustment range C 9 12 db rxv[2:0] = 0 to 7 gain adjust step size 2 3 4 db earsense = 0 db, sidetone = 0 db rx handsfree gain stage hfatten hfgain to eamp nominal gain C 0.4 0 0.4 db rhf, rvx, earsense = 0 db, sd =0 gain range C 52.5 C 49 C 45.5 db rhf[2:0] = 0 to 7 gain control step size 6.5 7 7.5 db 0 to C 21 db gain control step size 5 7 9 db C 28 to C 49 db rx line driver lodrive lo gain 4 5 6 db rvx = 0 db, rhf = 0 db, hiz =1 distortion 2 %thd 1.0 vrms output lo mute C 40 db hiz = 0 noise C 80 dbv bw = 30 hz to 30 khz looutput during mute 1.5 v dd /2 2.1 v v dd = 3.6 v 8 ACE9040 advance information characteristic value unit conditions min. typ. max. rx earpiece gain adjustment earsense nominal gain 0 db total gain - 2.8 3.2 db ears[3:0] = 0 to 15 gain adjustment step size 0.2 0.4 0.6 db rvx = 0 db, rhf = 0 db, sd = 0 distortion 1 % thd output 1 vrms rx sidetone path , ips to eampi attenuation at earsense amp input 18 19 20 db earsense = 0 db sidetone mute C 40 db sd = 0 rx earpiece drivers epop & epon epon single ended gain 5.5 6 6.5 db output = 2 vpp, 120 ? epon to epop epop single ended d.c. level 1.7 v dd /2 1.9 v v dd = 3.6 v, eph1 = 1, eph0 = 0 epop single ended a.c. level C 20 db epon single ended distortion 1 % thd output = 2 vpp epon & epop differential gain 11.5 12 12.5 db 150 ? ( 20 %) epon to epop epop differential distortion 1 %thd output = 4 vpp, eph1 = 1, eph0 = 1 earpiece mute switch attenuation 40 db eph0 = 0 & ehp1 = 0 epon external mode: 64 ? ( 20 %) + 3.3 f to gnd, epon gain relative to eampi 5.5 6.5 db eampfb open, input = hfgin epon distortion 1 % thd output = 1.1 vpp epop output current external mode C 10 10 a at v dd & 0 v epon & epop mute C 40 db eph1 = 0, eph0 = 0 epop noise C 80 dbv eph1 = 1, eph0 = 1 transmit data path tx data filter 16 khz & 20 khz input bias at dati v dd /2 v internally tied via 800 k ? resistor to v dd /2. nominal gain - 6.5 - 6 - 5.5 db input = 1 vrms distortion 1.5 %thd output = 1.5 vp-p noise -60 dbv bw = 30 hz to 30 khz datm mute switch attenuation 40 db data filter frequency response 16 khz (tacs) C 0.3 0.3 db f = 676 hz, 1040 hz C 0.3 0.3 db f = 4120 hz C 0.1 C 0.7 db f = 12120 hz C 0.9 C 1.6 db f = 13960 hz C 2.5 C 1.5 db f = 14950 hz datm = 1 C 5.0 C 2.0 db f = 16050 hz datadev = 0 db C 5.0 C 3.0 db f = 16420 hz relative to 1040 hz C 6.0 C 4.0 db f = 17040 hz dataf[1:0] = 10 C 7.0 C 5.0 db f = 18020 hz C 11.0 C 9.0 db f = 19990 hz C 12.0 C 10.0 db f = 20970 hz electrical characteristics these characteristics are guaranteed over the following conditions unless otherwise stated (note 1): t amb = C 40 c to + 85 c, v dd = 3.6 v to 5.0 v advance information 9 ACE9040 characteristic value unit conditions min. typ. max. tx data filter 16 khz & 20 khz (continued) data filter frequency response 20 khz (amps) C 0.3 0.3 db f = 676 hz, 1040 hz C 0.3 0.3 db f = 4120 hz, 16050 hz C 0.3 C 1.5 db f = 16050 hz C 2.5 C 1.0 db f = 18020 hz C 3.0 C 1.5 db f = 18880 hz dataf[1:0] = 11 C 4.0 C 2.0 db f = 20240 hz datm = 1 C 5.0 C 3.0 db f = 20540 hz datadev = 0db C 5.5 C 3.5 db f = 20970 hz relative to 1040 hz C 7.0 C 5.0 db f = 21960 hz C 8.0 C 6.0 db f = 22820 hz C 10.0 C 8.0 db f = 24050 hz tx data gain stage datadev, dati to dato pins nominal gain 0 db gain adjustment - 2.8 3.2 db datd[3:0] = 7 gain adjustment steps 0.2 0.4 0.6 db datm = 1 dataf[1:0] = 00 txsat and rxsat bandpass filters 6 khz rxsat filter rxsat gain 9 11 db input = 400 mvrms at 6030 hz, satdev = 0 db, satm = 1, sats = 0db rxsat 6 khz frequency response C 90.0 C 35.0 db f = 2520 hz relative to 6030 hz C 90.0 C 35.0 db f = 3500 hz sats = 0 db, C 90.0 C 35.0 db f = 4120 hz tacs = 1, C 29.0 C 24.0 db f = 4980 hz satd = 15 (0 db), C 0.30 0.50 db f = 5900 hz satm = 1 C 0.10 0.35 db f = 5960 hz C 0.10 0.35 db f = 6030 hz C 0.30 0.6 db f = 6090 hz C 26.5 C 22.0 db f = 7010 hz C 90.0 C 29.0 db f = 8060 hz C 90.0 C 35.0 db f = 9040 hz C 90.0 C 35.0 db f = 9290 hz rso schmitt output 5.5 6.0 6.5 khz sats = 0 db, tacs = 1 electrical characteristics these characteristics are guaranteed over the following conditions unless otherwise stated (note 1): t amb = C 40 c to + 85 c, v dd = 3.6 v to 5.0 v 10 ACE9040 advance information characteristic value unit conditions min. typ. max. txsat filter 6 khz txsat gain C 29.0 C 25.0 db tacs =1, sats = 1, output = 1 vpp at 6030 hz txsat 6 khz frequency response C 90.0 C 35.0 db f = 2520 hz relative to 6030 hz C 90.0 C 35.0 db f = 3500 hz sats = 1 C 90.0 C 35.0 db f = 4120 hz tacs = 1 C 29.0 C 24.0 db f = 4980 hz satd = 15 (0 db) C 0.30 0.50 db f = 5900 hz satm = 1 C 0.10 0.35 db f = 5960 hz C 0.10 0.35 db f = 6030 hz C 0.30 0.50 db f = 6090 hz C 26.5 C 22.0 db f = 7010 hz C 60.0 C 35.0 db f = 8060 hz C 60.0 C 35.0 db f = 9040 hz C 80.0 C 35.0 db f = 9290 hz txsat noise C 71.0 dbv gain stage satdev nominal gain 0 db gain adjustment range - 4.5 4.8 db sats = 0, tacs = 1, satm = 1 gain adjustment size 0.05 0.3 0.55 db satd[4:0] = 0 to 31 distortion 2 % thd output = 1.1 vpp satm switch mute attenuation 40 db satm = 0 dtmf generator dtmf output level 60 85 mvrms v dd = 3.6 v, high & low tone dtmf single tone distortion: tonem switch on (via tbpo) 5 % thd low group, tonem = 1 tonem switch off C 40 db tonem = 0 dtmf switch on (via rbpo) 5 % thd high group, dtmfm = 1 dtmf switch off C 40 db dtmfm = 0 dtmf high group pre-emphasis C 0.5 0.5 db dtwist = 0 1.5 2.5 db dtwist = 1 gain stage txsense, sumi to mod pins gain - 0.5 0 0.5 db output at mod. gain adjustment - 2.8 3.2 db txsen[3:0] = 0 to 15 gain adjustment step size 0.2 0.4 0.6 db distortion 2 %thd output = 1 vrms noise C 80 dbv bw = 30 hz to 30 khz electrical characteristics these characteristics are guaranteed over the following conditions unless otherwise stated (note 1): t amb = C 40 c to + 85 c, v dd = 3.6 v to 5.0 v advance information 11 ACE9040 electrical characteristics these characteristics are guaranteed over the following conditions unless otherwise stated (note 1): t amb = C 40 c to + 85 c, v dd = 3.6 v to 5.0 v characteristic value unit conditions min. typ. max. handsfree rectifiers attack time 1 ms capacitors to gnd = decay time 35 ms 68 nf at txc & rxc pins tx nominal output levels: v dd = 3.75 v d.c. offset 0.3 0.5 v input at ips = 0 mvrms a.c. level 1.4 1.5 1.65 v input at ips = 40 mvrms, 1 khz inpsense = 0 db, hfs = 0 hfp = 1 rx nominal output levels: v dd = 3.75 v d.c. offset 0.3 0.5 v input at hfgin = 0 mvrms a.c. level 1 1.1 1.2 v input at hfgin = 100 mvrms, 1 khz hfs =1, hfp = 1 voltage outputs dec & bias output voltage 1.70 (v dd -v ss )/2 1.9 v v dd = 3.6 v, 3.3 f decoupling to gnd at dec pin microphone bias: source 1 ma 2.7 2.9 v mli = 0, mis = 1, v dd = 3.6 v sink 1 ma 2.7 2.9 v mli = 0, mis = 1, pd = 0 microphone disabled C 0.1 0.10 v mli = 0, mis = 0 external reference resistor 100 k ? v dd = 4.85 v connected from pin rref to gnd 68 k ? v dd = 3.75 v bandgap at bgap 1.10 1.35 v lvn supply voltage comparator default condition v dd = 3.6 v C 10 10 a (high at v dd C 0.2 v) v dd = 3.1 v 2.00 20.0 ma (low at 0.4 v) lvn comparator operating lower limit 1 v of v dd 12 ACE9040 advance information figure 3a - serial interface input timing electrical characteristics these characteristics are guaranteed over the following conditions unless otherwise stated (note 1): t amb = C 40 c to + 85 c, v dd = 3.6 v to 5.0 v characteristic symbol value unit conditions min. typ. max. dc characteristics logic input high v ih 0.7 x v dd v dd + 0.3 v logic input low v il - 0.3 0.3 x v dd v input capacitance c in 10 pf logic inputs leakage current i ilk 1 a sclk, sd, len inputs v dd = 3.6 v & 0.0 v ac characteristics clock input frequency: serial f clk 1.008 mhz interface & sc filters -100 100 ppm deviation from 1.008 mhz clock duty cycle d 40 50 60 % number of clock rising edges to 24 clock input data cycles clock cycles between latch pulses 30 clock on len cycles clock cycles before power-up and 8 clock after powerdown cycles data setup time t ds 80 ns v dd = 3.75 v 0.1 v. data hold time t dh 80 ns t a = - 40 c to + 85 c clock low t cll 400 600 ns clock high t clh 400 600 ns clock high to latch high t cl 440 ns latch high to clock high t lc 220 ns latch high t lh 240 ns rise and fall times 50 ns all digital inputs power supply rejection ratio: psrr v dd = 3.8 v + 100 mvpp (a.c.) comp[2:1] = 00. tx path (li to tlpo) C 12 db li = 0 db, v485 = 13.5 db inpsense = 0 db, softlimit on. rx path (rxi to epop) C 20 db audiodev, rxsense = 0 db thf, rhf, earsense = 0 db rxv, sidetone off. crosstalk tx to rx -45 db mod = 0.2 v rms (mod to epop/epon) t lh t cl t lc t clh t cll t ds t dh sclk data latch advance information 13 ACE9040 typical frequency responses figure 5 figure 6 figure 7 figure 4 txbpf relative response vs frequency fre q uenc y ( hz ) relative response (db ) -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 100 1000 10000 100000 pre-emphasis relative response vs frequency frequency (hz) relativ e response (db ) -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 100 1000 10000 txlpf relative response vs frequency frequency (hz) relativ e response (db ) -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 10 100 1000 10000 100000 rxbpf relative response vs frequency frequency (hz) relativ e response (db ) -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 10 100 1000 10000 100000 14 ACE9040 advance information figure 9 figure 8 typical frequency responses transmit overall relative response vs frequency fre q uenc y ( hz ) relativ e response (db ) -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 10 100 1000 10000 100000 sat filter relative response vs frequency frequency (hz) relativ e response (db ) -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 1000 10000 advance information 15 ACE9040 description the control bits for one of the standards are set, others are under user control. power saving operates when an individual block is de- selected and for the whole circuit when in standby. the circuit combines high performance with minimum power consumption and uses as few external components as possible. serial control bus all functions are controlled via a three wire serial interface. input is via pins sd for serial data, sclk for the clock input and len for the control message latch signal. incoming data bits are clocked in on the rising edges of sclk clock input. at the end of each control message comprising three 8-bit data bytes, the rising edge of the len pulse latches in the data. a system controller should clock data out on clock falling edges to ensure the maximum timing margins. the sclk clock input must be at 1008 mhz and continuous whenever the ACE9040 is active because ACE9040s switched capacitor filters use clocks derived from sclk to set frequency responses. ACE9040 expects a minimum of 30 clock cycles between len latch pulses, including the clock cycle containing the latch pulse. a minimum of 8 clock cycles before the beginning of an operate command or after a standby command are expected. three data bytes data1, data2, and data3 contain bits for system selection, control and mute switches, gain control and filter response settings, as shown in figure 10. the last two bits of data3, data3[1] and [0], determine the message type, either operation, initializing mode 0, initializing mode 1 or handsfree. the details of these four modes are described in tables 2 to 19. ACE9040 combines all the voice, data and signalling processing circuits for analog cellular telephones operating with the amps or tacs systems. transmit channel functions comprise a microphone amplifier, soft limiter, bandpass speech filter, compressor, pre-emphasis filter, hard limiter, lowpass transmit filter and a gain control stage to set the deviation. additional transmit circuits include a dtmf generator, a lowpass filter for either control data or signalling tone (st), filters for supervisory audio tone (sat), either transponded or locally re-generated, and deviation setting amplifiers for data, st and sat. the outputs from the transmit functions feed a modulation combiner whose gain can be adjusted before driving a modulator and external power amplifier. ACE9040s receive path consists of a bandpass filter, expander, volume control and power amplifier to directly drive the earpiece, either differentially or in single ended modes. sidetone and dtmf tones can be introduced into the receive path. gain settings, filter characteristics and system control is programmed via a three wire serial interface to give optimum operation with either the amps or tacs analog cellular systems. to implement a handsfree function, both transmit and receive paths have rectifiers which enable signal amplitude monitoring via an external pin and signal path attenuators controlled via the serial interface. all filter characteristics are set by ratioed on-chip components and by a fixed externally input clock rate of 1008 mhz and do not need trimming, filter response options are selected via the serial interface. gain adjustments for different system specifications and component tolerancing are set via the serial interface using gain control blocks in the transmit and receive signal paths. these eliminate the need for any mechanically adjusted potentiometers. some gain levels change automatically when data3[1] data3[0] mode 0 1 operation 0 0 initializing mode 0 1 0 initializing mode 1 1 1 handsfree figure 10 - serial receive bus timing table 1 - mode selections data1 data2 data3 sclk sd len 765432107654321076543210 earliest start of next message 16 ACE9040 advance information eph1 eph0 function 0 0 earphone mute 0 1 external earpiece (epon to ground) 1 0 single ended output (epon to epop) 1 1 differential output (epon and epop) mli mis function 0 0 li selected, no gain 0 1 mi selected, micamp gain 1 0 not allowed 1 1 li selected, micamp gain data bit bit name function effect when effect when at 0 at 1 data3: [0] data3[0] bus mode select must be 1 must be 1 [1] data3[1] bus mode select must be 0 must be 0 [2] pd power down operate standby [5:3] rxv[2:0] receive volume see table 3 see table 3 [6] hiz line output drive enable off on [7] eph1 earpiece mute see table 5 see table 5 data2: [0] rxm receiver audio mute muted on [1] satm transmit sat mute muted on [2] datm transmit data mute muted on [3] txm transmit audio mute muted on [4] mli microphone select see table 4 see table 4 [5] dtmfen enables each dtmf tone selection disabled enabled [7:6] dtmfmode[1:0] dtmf tone select see table 6 see table 6 data1: [0] dtmfm transmit dtmf switch speech dtmf [1] tonem dtmf rx path confirm tone switch speech dtmf [5:2] dtmf[3:0] dtmf code select see table 7 see table 7 [6] mis line input select see table 4 see table 4 [7] preemph transmit pre-emphasis bypass active bypassed rxv[2] rxv[1] rxv[0] gain in db 000C 21 001C 18 010C 15 011C 12 100C 9 101C 6 110C 3 111 0 table 3 - receiver volume control nominal levels set by rxv[2:0]. table 4 - microphone input select table 5 - earphone mode select (ehp0 in initializing mode 0) dtmfmode[1:0] bits tone generated 1 and 0 0 and 0 no tone. 0 and 1 low frequency only. 1 and 0 high frequency only. 1 and 1 dual tones. table 6 - dtmf mode selection control bus: operation mode dtmf[3:0] bits keypad low freq. high freq. 3 2 1 0 legend hz. hz. 0 0 0 0 1 697 1209 0 0 0 1 2 697 1336 0 0 1 0 3 697 1477 0 0 1 1 a 697 1633 0 1 0 0 4 770 1209 0 1 0 1 5 770 1336 0 1 1 0 6 770 1477 0 1 1 1 b 770 1633 1 0 0 0 7 852 1209 1 0 0 1 8 852 1336 1 0 1 0 9 852 1477 1 0 1 1 c 852 1633 1 1 0 0 * 941 1209 1 1 0 1 0 941 1336 1 1 1 0 # 941 1477 1 1 1 1 d 941 1633 table 2 - operation mode, data3[1:0] = 01. table 7 - dtmf tones advance information 17 ACE9040 data bit bit name function effect when effect when at 0 at 1 data3: [0] data3[0] bus mode select must be 0 must be 0 [1] data3[1] bus mode select must be 0 must be 0 [2] eph0 earpiece mode select see table 5 see table 5 [3] dtwist dtmf pre-emphasis 0 db 2 db [4] pdlvc power supply comparator active power down [6:5] comp[2:1] compander control see table 9 see table 9 [7] inps[0] transmit audio gain adjust see table 10 see table 10 data2: [3:0] inps[4:1] transmit audio gain adjust see table 10 see table 10 [7:4] rxsen[3:0] receive audio gain adjust see table 11 see table 11 data1: [0] rxsen[4] receive audio gain adjust see table 11 see table 11 [5:1] satd[4:0] sat modulation gain see table 12 see table 12 [6] sd sidetone enable off on [7] softlimit enables softlimiter off on table 8 - initializing mode 0, data3[1:0] = 00. inps[4] inps[3] inps[2] inps[1] inps[0] gain (db) 0 0 0 0 0 C 120 0 0 0 0 1 C 112 ::::: : ::::: : 1 1 1 1 0 + 120 1 1 1 1 1 + 128 comp[2] comp[1] mode 0 0 bypass compander 1 0 internal compander 1 1 external compander 0 1 bar signal input mode (rbpo at high impedance) rxsen[4] rxsen[3] rxsen[2] rxsen[1] rxsen[0] gain (db) 00000C 60 00001C 56 :::::: :::::: 11110+ 60 11111+ 64 satd[4] satd[3] satd[2] satd[1] satd[0] gain (db) 00000C 45 00001C 42 :::::: :::::: 11110+ 45 11111+ 48 table 9 - compander operating modes set by comp[2:1]. table 10 - inpsense transmit audio nominal gain settings by inps[4:0]. table 11 - rxsense receive audio nominal gain settings by rxsen[4:0]. table 12 - satdev transmit sat nominal modulation gain settings by satd[4:0]. control bus: initializing mode 0 18 ACE9040 advance information txsen[3] txsen[2] txsen[1] txsen[0] datd[3] datd[2] datd[1] datd[0] gain audev[3] audev[2] audev[1] audev[0] (db) ears[3] ears[2] ears[1] ears[0] 0 0 0 0 C 28 0 0 0 1 C 24 ::::: ::::: 1 1 1 0 + 28 1 1 1 1 + 32 data bit bit name function effect when effect when at 0 at 1 data3: [0] data3[0] bus mode select must be 0 must be 0 [1] data3[1] bus mode select must be 1 must be 1 [3:2] test[1:0] test mode select see table 14 see table 14 [4] sats sat source select rxsat txsat [6:5] dataf[1:0] data filter bandwidth select see table 15 see table 15 [7] tacs cellular system select ? tacs ? data2: [3:0] txsen[3:0] combined modulation gain see table 16 see table 16 [7:4] datd[3:0] data modulation gain see table 16 see table 16 data1: [3:0] audev[3:0] audio modulation gain see table 16 see table 16 [7:4] ears[3:0] earpiece earsense gain see table 16 see table 16 control bus: initializing mode 1 test[1] test[0] test mode 0 0 operate mode (not in test mode) 1 0 test dtmf 0 1 bypass txlpf 1 1 bypass txlpf & softlimiter test table 14 - test modes selected by test[1:0]. table 15 - data filter bandwidths selected by dataf[1:0]. table 16 - txsense, datadev, audiodev, and earsense nominal gains set, respectively, by txsen[3:0], datd[3:0], audev[3:0], and ears[3:0]. dataf[1] dataf[0] cut-off frequency 1 0 16 khz 1 1 20 khz ? see table 19. table 13 - initializing mode 1, data3[1:0] = 10. advance information 19 ACE9040 control bus: handsfree mode data bit bit name function effect when effect when at 0 at 1 data3: [0] data3[0] bus mode select must be 1 must be 1 [1] data3[1] bus mode select must be 1 must be 1 [4:2] thf[2:0] transmit handsfree gain see table 18 see table 18 [7:5] rhf[2:0] receive handsfree gain see table 18 see table 18 data2: [0] hfp handsfree rectifiers power off on [1] hfs hf output connection path transmit receive [2] mig microphone amplifier gain + 22 db + 32 db [4:3] not used - - - [5] amps cellular system select ? amps ? [6] not used - - - [7] - - must be "0" must be "0" data1: [2:0] - - must be "0" must be "0" [5:3] not used - - - [7:6] not used - - - thf[2] thf[1] thf[0] gain rhf[2] rhf[1] rhf[0] (db) 000 0 001C 7 010C 14 011C 21 100C 28 101C 35 110C 42 111C 49 table 18 - txhfgain and rxhfgain handsfree attenuator nominal gains, set by thf[2:0] and rhf[2:0]. ? see table 19. table 17 - handsfree mode, data3[1:0] = 11. 20 ACE9040 advance information circuit operating modes ACE9040 has three operating modes: operate, standby and sleep. in operate mode all parts of the circuit are active, except for any explicitly powered down and the dtmf genera- tor which only powers up when tones are generated. the pin stby is pulled high in operate mode to supply v dd to external audio circuits, such as a compander. standby mode standby mode is used when the cellular terminal is waiting for a call and is selected by an operation mode control message with bit pd at 1. in this mode all analog circuits, data paths, filters and their clock drivers are powered down giving a greatly reduced supply current. in standby mode all switch and level controls retain their previous state, the pin stby is not driven removing the v dd supply from external circuits. to leave standby mode an operate com- mand should be given by using an operation mode control message with bit pd at 0. sleep mode sleep mode is the same as standby but without a clock input. to enter sleep mode the standby command should be given and after a delay of at least 20 s the sclk clock stopped. to wake-up from sleep mode, the the sclk clock must be started and after a delay of at least 100 s an operate command given. power on reset at power up ACE9040 is put into standby mode. ACE9040 is set up by the controlling processor via the serial interface using four control messages: operation, initializ- ing mode 0, initializing mode 1 and handsfree. usually the operation control message would be sent last as it contains the power down/up bit pd. cellular system selection two control bits are used to set the filter responses and gain levels for the amps or tacs cellular systems. these bits are tacs in control message initializing mode 1 and amps in control message handsfree mode and select the system as shown in table 19. figure 11 - transmit voice path transmit voice path table 19 - cellular system selection bits system amps tacs selected 0 0 not valid 0 1 tacs 1 0 amps 1 1 not valid slo ips 10nf softlimit 0 to -30db li 22/32 db mig mli mi mic.amp mis soft limit 3 and 97% levels detect -7db tacs -11db amps compressor bypass 0db amps/tacs 92% level detect test[1:0] gain control comp[2:1] 0db @ 1khz +6db/octave pre- empahsis preemph +15.4db @ 3.75v +16db @ 4.85v hard limit -8db txlpf test[1:0] dtmf inspense test[0] -2.8 to + 3.2db audev[3:0] audiodev vmidtx txm tlpo driver compressor 2db : 1db comp[2:1] tlpo prein 33nf 100nf 82nf cout vmidtx crcin crcout cin vmidtx 10nf sidetone to receive voice path hfgain txbf tbpo hf txc 68nf rxc hfs handsfree rectifier 0 to -49db thf[2:0] 0db nom 8db -4 to +20.8db inps[4:0] dtmfm advance information 21 ACE9040 transmit input signal preconditioning microphone amplifier (mig) microphone signals input at mi via switch mli are amplified by a gain selectable amplifier of either 22 db or 32 db, controlled by the mig bit in the handsfree mode control message. the microphone amplifiers input can also be connected to the line input li via the mli switch. the microphone amplifiers output drives the soft limiter via switch mis which also allows higher level signals from the line input li to bypass the microphone amplifier to drive the soft limiter directly. these two switches are controlled by the mis and mil bits in the operation mode control message. soft limiter signal amplitude is restricted without clipping to the correct level for maximum f.m. deviation by the soft limiter. this operates as an agc system, controlled by the signal amplitude at the compressor input and the hard limiter output later in the signal processing path. if the signal is too large at either of these points the soft limiter forward gain is reduced. the nominal soft limiter gain range of 0 to - 30 db in 64 steps of 05 db covers all normal volume changes occuring during a conversation. soft limiter attack and decay times are set by internal clocks derived from sclk and ramp the gain steps at nominal rates of one step down every 40 s when the signal is too large and one step up every 168 ms when the signal is too small. the soft limiter output at pin slo is externally coupled with a capacitor to the input pin ips of the following gain adjust stage, inpsense. when the speech channel is used to send dtmf signalling tones a switch, controlled by bit dtmfm in the operation mode control message, selects the internal dtmf signal rather than the speech signal at input ips. for test purposes test[1:0] bits in the initializing mode 1 control message can configure switches to give access to the softlimiter comparator inputs. when test[1:0] bits are high the 3 & 97 % window comparator is switched from the hard limiter output to prein input and the 92 % comparator is switched to ips input. inpsense amplifier and txbpf filter both microphone and transmit voice path tolerances are trimmed in the inpsense gain adjustment block following the soft limiter and dtmf switch. inpsense has a nominal gain of 80 db with a trim range of - 120 to + 124 db relative to the nominal gain set by bits inps[4:0] in the initializing mode control message. transmit signal preconditioning is completed by a band- pass filter txbpf to limit the audio signal to a speech bandwidth of 300 hz to 34 khz. this filter uses switched capacitor techniques and is preceded by an anti-alias filter and followed by a smoothing filter to remove the clock from its output. the typical frequency response is shown in figure 4 which also shows the mask defined by type approval limits. handsfree functional blocks between the transmit bandpass filter and the compressor two extra functions are included for use with handsfree operation. firstly an attenuator hfgain is provided to give progressive signal reduction in handsfree mode with a range of 0 to - 49 db in 7 db steps, set by bits thf[2:0] in the handsfree mode control message. the hfgain attenuators output drives pin tbpo which is externally capacitively coupled to the compressor input at pin cin and internally drives both the soft limiter and sidetone circuits. the second function provided for handsfree operation is a signal rectifier whose output, filtered by an external capacitor at pin txc, drives output pin hf via switch hfs with a d.c. transmit level. switch hfs is controlled by bit hfs in the handsfree mode control message. under control of bit hfs both receive and transmit levels are available at hf output pin for external comparison to implement the handsfree function. the handsfree system is further described in the section handsfree operation. compressor ACE9040 provides a 2:1 compressor to halve the transmit dynamic range as required by analog cellular systems. within the operating signal range each 2 db change in input level gives a 1 db change in output level. a transmit signal is input through pin cin and output on pin cout, the signal is referenced to a mid-supply voltage. crcin and crcout are connections for the external attack and delay time constant setting components. the compressors nominal unity gain level is 707 mv. above this level the signal at cin is attenuated and below this level the signal is amplified to achieve the 2:1 db compression. table 20 gives the nominal, vmax and vmin levels at cin and nominal levels at cout corresponding with the tacs and amps systems for 0 db, maximum and minimum deviation. the gain of the inpsense amplifier should be set so that the compressor operates within these signal levels for a given input signal at the mic or li input. for the usual attack time of 30 ms and decay time of 135 ms a 180 k ? resistor is connected between crcin and crcout pins and a 100 nf capacitor between crcin and gnd pins. an 82 nf capacitor should be connected between the vmidtx and gnd pins. attack and decay time is measured with a 12 db step, - 8 db to - 20 db relative to the unaffected level. attack and decay times are respectively defined at points on the output envelope where it reaches x 15 and x 075 of the final steady state level. external compressor connections allow the use of external coupling capacitors to remove d.c. offsets and optionally an external compander. the compressor can be internally bypassed allowing use of ACE9040 without companding in non-cellular applications, or for test purposes. bits comp[2:1] in the initializing mode 0 control message control the operation of the internal compander and are used to switch both the transmit compressor and receive expander into or out of the signal path. when not in use the internal compressor and expander are both powered down. table 20 - compressor cin and cout signal levels for tacs and amps system vmax at cin vmin at cin nominal input at cin nominal output at cout vrms db mvrms db (0db) levels mvrms levels mvrms tacs 1.0 + 25 1.77 - 30 56 200 amps 1.0 + 23 2.25 - 30 71 225 22 ACE9040 advance information final modulation preparation pre-emphasis a pre-emphasis filter follows the compressor to boost the amplitude of higher audio frequencies by tilting the fre- quency response by 6 db per octave across the whole speech band as shown in figures 5 and 8. to prevent overload in the pre-emphasis filter the signal first passes through an attenuator set to suit the system in use. if an external compander is used or the companding function is bypassed the gain is set to 0 db. when using the internal compander the gain is set to C 7 db for tacs or C 110 db for amps. compander bypass is determined by control bits comp[2:1]. the pre-emphasis filter and attenuator input is pin prein and the output is an internal connection to the hard limiter. the pre- emphasis filter, but not the attenuator, can be bypassed if the preemph bit in the operation mode control message is set to 1. hard limiter to ensure compliance with the peak deviation specifi- cation for cellular telephone systems, a hard limiter follows the pre-emphasis filter to remove any transient level changes that have passed through the soft limiter. this limiter will handle large signals and has symmetrical clipping levels close to the supply rails v dd & v ss (gnd). to ensure clipping at the same hard limiter input signal level with both the nominal power supply voltages, hard limiter gain is adjusted by an external pin v485. for the nominal supply voltages of 4.85 v and 3.75 v gain is respectively 16 db (v485 pin at 1) and 13.5 db (v485 pin at 0). an 8 db attenuator follows the limiter to prevent any further clipping of the signal in the following transmit lowpass filter. tx lowpass filter txlpf a txlpf lowpass filter with an optimised stop band response limits the signal bandwidth to a cut-off frequency of 30 khz, the frequency response is shown in figure 6. the combined frequency response of the pre-emphasis and lowpass filter stages is shown in figure 8. it is possible for test purposes to bypass this lowpass filter by setting bit test[0] in the initializing mode 1 control message to a 1. speech deviation level setting a controlled gain stage audiodev sets the output level to give the required fm deviation for speech. the gain is set by bits audev[3:0] in the initializing mode 1 control mes- sage. audiodev is followed by a transmit audio mute switch enabled by bit txm in the operation mode control message. a buffer drives output pin tlpo with the transmit speech signal (and dtmf when in use) which is added with data/st and sat tones in the modulation combiner. figure 12 - transmit data and dtmf paths transmit data and dtmf paths transmit data data communication from mobile terminals to base stations in the amps and tacs cellular phone systems takes place over the reverse control channel (recc) during call set-up and in short bursts over the reverse voice channel (rvc) during a call. recc or rvc data is transmitted for amps or tacs as a 10 khz or 8 khz manchester coded fsk signal respectively. the data signal is generated by the ace9050 system controller and data modem or similar digital circuit to drive ACE9040s dati input pin. the dati input data signal is filtered using a 4th order butterworth lowpass filter with nominal - 3 db points of 16 khz for tacs, or 20 khz for amps. this filter is implemented using switched capacitor techniques and is preceded by a continuous time anti-alias dati dtmf[3:0] dtwist dtmfmode[2:1] dtmfm ips tonem rxi receive voice path transmit voice path dato dtmf vmid datm 16/20khz dataf[1:0] -2.8 to + 3.2db datd[3:0] datadev low-pass filter dtmf pre- emphasis mode advance information 23 ACE9040 filter, the output buffer includes a clock rejection filter. the cut- off frequencies are programmed by bits dataf[1:0] in the initializing mode 1 control message. filtered data passes through the mute switch datm and a variable gain stage datadev with a range of C 28 to + 32 db to set the required level of deviation. the mute switch is controlled by bit datm in the operation mode control message. datadev is controlled by bits datd[3:0] in the initialising mode 1 control message. the data signal is buffered out to pin dato to drive the modulation combiner. dtmf dtmf tones are generated when commanded via the serial interface and conform to the standard ccitt frequencies. all 16 standard tone pairs or any individual tone can be generated. to select dtmf tones data bits for transmission dtmfen, dtmfmode[1:0] and dtmf[3:0] need to be set using an operation mode control message. data bits dtmfmode[1:0] select low, high or both tones of the pair as shown in table 6. bits dtmf[3:0] select the tone pair as shown in table 7. dtmfen set to 1 enables dtmf operation. to change dtmf tones, an operation mode control message with dtmfen set to 0 must be sent to cancel the previous selection as the dtmf tone can only be changed when dtmfen=0. this prevents any spurious tones being generated. an optional pre-emphasis of 2 db of the high frequency tone group above the level of the low frequency group is enabled by bit dtwist in the initializing mode 0 control message. dtmf tones can be selected to replace the speech in either or both the transmit and receive paths. in the transmit path setting bit dtmfm to 1 as in the operation mode control message will connect the dtmf signal to inpsense gain adjustment blocks input in place of the speech signal. in the receive path setting bit tonem to 1 in the operation mode control message will connect the dtmf signal to the input to rxsense gain adjustment block in place of the speech input at pin rxi. in each case the dtmfen bit must also be 1. dtmf signals are generated as sinewaves by an internal digital to analog converter and are smoothed by the transmit and receive filters. dtmf waveforms start and stop at a zero crossing to avoid transients in the filters and to limit their bandwidth. the dtmf signal is brought out directly on pin dtmf without further buffering. the dtmf generator is powered down whenever a tone is not being generated, by setting dtmfmode[1:0] to 00. re-transmitted sat ACE9040 provides two alternative paths for supervisory audio tones (sat). the first of these re-transmits the received sat tone to the base station after narrow band filtering and providing signal level adjustment. this path is selected by setting sats bit to 0 in the initializing mode 1 control message. the baseband signal from the receiver fm discriminator drives the ACE9040 through the rsi pin into the rxsat 6 khz bandpass filter required for amps or tacs. the recovered sat signal then passes through a 10 db amplifier and the sats selector switch to the deviation setting amplifier satdev. this is controlled by bits satd[4:0] in the initializing mode 0 control message. sat then passes through the satm mute switch, controlled by bit satm in the operation mode control message, to output pin tso for input to the modulation combiner. regenerated sat the alternative sat path externally measures the sat frequency and generates a local tone to match. this route is transmit & receive sat paths figure 13 - transmit and receive sat paths. rsi tsi vmid satdev rso tso schmitt rxsat 6khz filter txsat 6khz filter -12db -15db 10db satm sats -4.5 to +4.8db satd[4:0] 24 ACE9040 advance information selected by setting the sats bit to 1 in the initializing mode 1 control message. the ACE9040 connects the receive filter rxsat output through a schmitt trigger to drive pin rso with a logic level version of the received sat. a system controller, such as an ace9050, detects the frequency and generates a digital signal to drive back into the ACE9040 on pin tsi. after the signal level is reduced by -12 db a 6 khz bandpass filter txsat converts this square-wave into a sinewave. this is followed by a - 15 db attenuator to reduce the near logic level signal to a normal modulation level. this signal drives the same satdev deviation setting stage and mute switch satm as the returned signal to give an output at tso. base station originated sat ace9050, system controller, can be used to generate a squarewave sat at 6 khz which is input to pin tsi and filtered by the txsat filter and output at tso. the rxsat filter path with its output at rso, can be used to filter the received sat from a mobile for verification by an external frequency detector that the mobile is transponding the correct tone. this is the same as the regeneration loop above but starting with genera- tion. transmit signal combiner figure 14 - transmit signal combining network and modulation driver component value tolerances can be made by setting: audiodev, satdev and datadev gains, described in more detail in the sections transmit voice path, transmit and receive sat paths, and transmit data and dtmf paths. a fine adjustment is made to the combined signal level by txsense which drives the modula- tor through pin mod. the gain of txsense is set by bits txsen[3:0] in the initializing mode 1 control message over the range C 28 to + 32 db. used to modulate the transmitted r.f. output, the speech and optional dtmf signals at tlpo, sat at tso, and data and st at dato, are combined using an internal op-amp. this op-amp has an inverting input at pin sumi and output at pin sumo, the non-inverting input is internally biased to vmid. with an external feedback resistor between sumi and sumo, external resistors sum the inputs into pin sumi and are chosen for each different cellular system to select the relative and absolute gains to give the correct deviation for each compo- nent of the modulation. individual fine adjustments to take out audio sat data tso tlpo dato sumo sumi mod audiodev satdev datadev 30db vmid txsense -2.8 to +3.2db txsen[3:0] + - advance information 25 ACE9040 receive voice path figure 15 - receive voice path de-emphasis and receive signal input demodulated fm signals drive the rxi input pin via an external de-emphasis lowpass r-c filter of typically 180 k ? and 10 nf. with tonem switch set to rxi the input signal is amplified in the block rxsense with a gain of + 8 db. rxsense also provides fine adjustment over a range of - 60 db to + 64 db to take up signal level tolerances in the receiver output. fine gain adjustment is controlled by rxsen[4:0] bits in the initializing mode 0 control message. when the dtmf generator in the transmit section is in use its output can be switched into the receive path to replace the rxi signal by setting bit tonem in the operation mode control message to 1. this does not affect the transmitted signal but allows the user to hear dtmf tones to confirm key press operation. rx bandpass filter the rxsense amplifiers output is bandpass filtered to the speech bandwidth of 300 to 3400 hz by receive bandpass filter rxbpf, as shown in figure 7. rxbpf uses switched capacitor filter techniques but does not include an anti-alias input filter as signals at rxi from the external receivers output and the internal dtmf generators output are already bandlimited. the f.m. discriminator output signals from ACE9040s companion device ace9030: radio interface and twin synthesiser are bandlimited by its output filter and ACE9040s internal dtmf tones are generated as sinewaves without the need for a further anti-aliasing filiter. rxbpf filter output passes through the receive mute switch controlled by bit rxm in the operation mode control message and is buffered to drive pin rbpo by amplifier expgain. during mute the rbpo pin is driven to the signal ground voltage at mid supply (as found on pin bias). expgain gain is nominally 12.3 db when using the internal expander and 0 db when using an external expander. the output circuit driving rbpo includes a smoothing filter to remove clock noise. expander input to the expander at pin ein is coupled by an external capacitor from rbpo to remove any d.c. voltage offsets. using external coupling also allows the option of using an external compander or bypassing the expander if a linear system is required. in either case the signal should feed back into ACE9040 at pin hfgin. ACE9040s compander can be bypassed by setting bits comp[2:1] in the initializing mode 0 control message to 00. a ring tone from the bar (beep, alarm, ring) generator of ace9050 system controller can be added to the epop epon 150w 64w 3.3 f earpiece driver + 6db + 6db eph0/eph1 eampo lo hfgin 10nf eout 82nf 100nf 180k ? ercin ercout ein rbpo 33nf 1db to 2db 12.3db expgain +5db hiz lodrive 0db rxbpf dtmf input rxsense 8db -6.4 to 6.4db rxm sidetone input (-19db) tonem rxi 180k ? 10nf nom -12db -21 to 0db 0 to-49db rxlevel hfatten handsfreee rectifier -2.8 to + 3.2 earsense txc hfs rxc 68nf hf eampi eamp + _ eampfb vmid eph0/ehp1 expander vmidrx comp[2:1] 26 ACE9040 advance information expander input ein by using an external summing network and internally open circuiting the drive to pin rbpo during the tone (not just muting the speech). this is achieved with bits comp[2:1] in the initializing mode 0 control message set to 01. signal dynamic range at input pin ein is doubled in the 1:2 expander to restore the original signal. within the operating signal range each 1 db change in input level gives a 2 db change in output level. the expander output drives pin eout which is coupled by an external capacitor to the input pin hfgin. the external connection allows use of an external compander and removes any d.c. voltage offsets. bits comp[2:1] in the initializing mode 0 control message can be used to select external companding mode and power down the internal compressor and expander. the expanders unity gain level ein to eout is 1v. above this level gain is applied to the signal at ein and below this level the signal is attenuated to achieve 1:2 db expansion. table 21 gives nominal, vmax and vmin levels at ein and nominal levels at eout corresponding with the tacs and amps systems for 0 db, maximum and minimum deviation. the gain of the rxsense amplifier should be set so that the expander operates within these signal levels for a given demodulated signal range at the rxi input. expander pins ercin and ercout are used to set the attack and decay times for the expansion process. for the usual attack time of 3.0 ms and decay time of 13.5 ms, a resistor of 180 k ? is connected between ercin and ercout pins and a capacitor of 100 nf from ercin to gnd. an 82 nf capacitor should be connected between vmidrx and gnd. attack and decay time is measured with a 6 db step, - 4 db to - 10 db relative to the unaffected level. attack and decay times are defined respectively at points on the output envelope where it reaches x 0.57 and x 1.5 of the final steady state level. volume control and handsfree attenuator two variable gain stages follow the expander, rxlevel for the volume control and hfatten for use with handsfree mode. both blocks provide attenuation, expressed as gain to assist system level design, rxlevel from 0 to - 21 db and hfatten from 0 to - 49 db. rxlevel is controlled by bits rxv[2:0] in the operation mode control message and hfatten is controlled by bits rhf[2:0] in the handsfree mode control message. rx audio output: line output and earpiece following the handfree attenuator the signal path splits into two parallel paths: a line output for loudspeaking phones and drivers for a dynamic earpiece or external handsfree earpiece. bits eph1 and eph0 in the operation mode and initializing mode 0 control messages respectively control the operation of these outputs, see table 5. the earpiece output path begins with a variable gain stage earsense which is controlled by bits ears[3:0] in the initializing mode 1 control message to give a gain range of - 28 to + 32 db. a sidetone signal from the output of the handsfree attenuator hfgain at pin tbpo is added at earsense's input if bit sd in the initializing mode 0 control message is set to 1. the output of this block is at pin eampi. the signal at pin eampi is amplified by an opamp whose gain is set by external resistors, allowing overall gain setting for different models of cellular terminal. a resistor is connected from eampi to the amplifier input pin eampfb and a feedback resistor is connected from the amplifier output eampo to eampfb. the ratio of these two resistors sets the gain and the opamps output including feedback resistors should not be loaded with less than 15 k ? . additional filtering can also be added to the receive path using the eamp opamp. earpiece the earpiece drivers have outputs at pins epop and epon. one of three modes of output drive or a muted output condition is selected by bits eph1 and eph0, see table 5. a dynamic earpiece, typically of 150 ? resistance in series with 800 h, can be driven when connected between pin epon and epop. the drive mode can be either differen- tial (eph1 = 1, eph0 = 1) or single ended (eph1 = 1, eph0 = 0). the differential output, drives a minimum of 4 vpp into the load. the single ended output appears at epon and drives a minimum of 2 vpp into a load referenced to pin epop, which provides an output voltage at mid-supply. output drive is setup for an external handsfree earpiece with eph1 = 0 and eph0 = 1. this load, typically of 64 ? resistance in series with 3.3 f, is driven from pin epon to ground and the epop output is put into a high impedance state. the minimum drive into this load is 1.1 vpp. the input for the epop and epon output drivers is driven by the signal at the eampo pin for single ended and differen- tial outputs or from eampi directly for a handsfree earpiece, bypassing the eamp opamp. the gain from the earpiece drivers common input, to both epon's inverting and and epop's non-inverting outputs, is nominally + 6 db. line output line output amplifier lodrive with its output at pin lo has a gain of + 5 db and is used to drive an external audio power amplifier. lodrive can drive a 1 k ? load with a minimum of 1 vrms. the lo output can be put into a high impedance state by setting bit hiz in the operation mode control message to 0. during power down epon and epop and lo are tied to mid-supply voltage. handsfree operation in a handsfree telephone the simplest method of prevent- ing howl round caused by acoustic feedback is to attenuate either the forward or return path until the loop gain is too low for sustained oscillation. the least active path is attenuated so the signal level in each path must be detected and compared so that the quieter can be attenuated. in the ACE9040 the signal level in both the transmit and the receive paths are rectified, with smoothing capacitors at system vmax at ein vmin at ein nominal input at ein nominal output at eout vrms db mvrms db (0db) levels mvrms levels mvrms tacs 1.0 + 12.5 43 - 15 245 60 amps 1.0 + 12.3 22 -21 245 60 table 21 - expander ein and eout signal levels for tacs and amps advance information 27 ACE9040 op-amp reference current reference currents for all the internal op-amps are set by an external resistor connected from pin rref to ground (v ss ). nominal values are 100 k ? for v dd = 485 v and 68 k ? for v dd = 375 v. a stable discrete resistor should be used to ensure consistent operation over a wide temperature range. power supply comparator - reset output a power supply comparator is provided to give a reset at power-on and enable the system controller to initiate a clean shut-down sequence if the battery voltage falls too low. when v dd is below a band-gap derived threshold the open-drain outut pin lvn drives to a logic low. this occurs for v dd exceeding 1 v but less than a typical threshold of 335 v. an external resistor at lvn provides a pull-up to v dd with a capacitor to ground (v ss ) to give a power-on reset delay. typical values for rc are 220 k ? and 150 nf. this rc combination also removes short transients or noise pulses from the signal at lvn during power up. if this comparator is not required the bandgap and comparator can be powered down by setting bit pdlvc in the initializing mode 0 control message to a 1. serial data clock all switched capacitor filter switching clocks are derived from the serial data clock sclk which must be fixed at 1008 mhz to ensure correct frequency responses. amplifier an uncommitted op-amp is provided with its non-inverting input internally connected to vmid, inverting input at pin ampi and output at pin ampo. pins txc and rxc respectively, to give d.c. voltages corre- sponding to the signal levels. a switch hfs with its output at pin hf can be internally toggled between txc and rxc to allow measurement of the two levels at these pins by an external level sensing circuit such as an analog to digital converter input of ace9030. the hfs switch is controlled by bit hfs in the handsfree mode control message. the system controller after comparison of the voltage levels at txc and rxc pins can attenuate the weaker signal path by up to 49 db, in 7 db steps using blocks hfgain for transmit and hfatten for receive. bits thf[2:0] and rhf[2:0] in the handsfree mode control message are used to set the gains of hfgain and hfatten respectively. the rate of change of gain should be limited in the system control- ler to allow normal conversation. attack and decay time constants are set by the resistance and capacitance on the txc and rxc pins. with the internal resistor to ground of approximately 500 k ? and an external capacitor to ground of 68 nf the normal attack time of 1 ms and decay time of 35 ms is achieved. by adding a parallel resistor the ratio of attack to decay time can be altered. to save power in a hand portable when handsfree opera- tion is not needed, the transmit and receive signal rectifiers can be switched off by setting bit hfp in the handsfree mode control message to 0. biases and references bias, vmid and micbias within ACE9040 most signals are single ended and swing either side of a mid-supply reference voltage. these internal references are all labelled vmidxx in this data sheet. a low impedance voltage source at mid-supply for use as an external signal ground is available on pin bias. this is a buffered copy of the voltage at pin dec which is from an internal high impedance potential divider between v dd and v ss . the dec pin should be decoupled to ground with a capacitor of greater than 3.3 f. two additional buffers pro- vide copies of decs voltage at pins vmidtx and vmidrx, these are used as internal signal grounds for the transmit and receive paths respectively. vmidtx and vmidrx pins should be decoupled to gnd with 82 nf capacitors. by using separate mid-supply signal grounds crosstalk due to the compander time constant circuits and the speech and tone signals are kept to a minimum. pin micbias gives the bias needed for an electret micro- phone nominally 08 times v dd , e.g. when v dd is 375 v micbias = 3 v figure 16 - bias circuits 3.3 f 100k ? / 68k ? * *vdd = 3.75v dec bias rref micbias bgap 10nf 2 6 5 64 44 vmidrx vmidtx bias generator 28 ACE9040 advance information gain and filter set-ups for tacs, amps and user control bits: transmit tacs amps user control bit(s) microphone amp 22 or 32 db 22 or 32 db mig soft limiter 0 to - 30 db 0 to - 30 db internal inpsense gain adjust + 8 db + 8 db inps[4:0] (- 12.8 to + 12 db) (- 12.8 to + 12 db) txbpf tx bandpass filter 0 db 0 db fixed hfgain, tx handsfree attenuator 0 to - 49 db 0 to - 49 db thf[2:0] compressor: compression about 2:1 1 2:1 1 fixed unaffected level. (707 mvrms, - 3 dbv) pre-emphasis gain control - 7 db - 11 db tacs & amps (internal compressor) pre-emphasis gain control 0 db 0 db fixed hard limit, hard deviation limiter + 16.5 db @ 4.85v + 13.5 db @ 3.75v v485 pin + 13.5 db @ 3.75v + 16.5 db @ 4.85v txlpf tx low pass filter - 8 db - 8 db fixed audiodev, 0 db 0 db audev[3:0] (-2.8 to + 3.2 db) (-2.8 to + 3.2 db) txsense, signal 0 db 0 db txsen[3:0] (-2.8 to +3.2 db) (-2.8 to +3.2 db) nominal tx channel gain 28.5 2 db @ 3.75 v 23.5 2 db @ 3.75 v (bypassed compressor) 31.5 2 db @ 4.85 v 26.5 2 db @ 4.85 v function controlled by tacs & amps bits tacs amps internal pre-emphasis gain control. tacs = - 7.0 db 1 0 amps= - 11.0 db 0 1 applications information to help with system set up tables 22 to 25 show ACE9040's functions and their respective controlling bits. table 23 shows the gains and filter characteristics pre- determined when setting the tacs & amps cellular system selection bits. tables 23 & 24 show these functions respectively for the transmit and receive sections of ACE9040. table 25 shows the four control messages with an example of the data to turn all ACE9040 functions on. table 22 - functions controlled by tacs & amps bits notes: 1. above the unaffected (0 db gain) level the compressor attenuates and below this level it provides gain. 2. mic gain = 22 db table 23 - transmit gain and filter set-ups for tacs, amps and user control bits advance information 29 ACE9040 gain and filter set-ups for user control bits: receive tacs amps user control bit(s) external de-emphasis - 21 db 1 - 21 db 1 fixed externally rxsense: receive audio gain + 8 db + 8 db fixed rxsense: receive audio gain adjustment - 6 to + 6.4 db - 6 to + 6.4 db rxsen[4:0] range rxbpf: rx bandpass filter 0 db 0 db fixed rx expander gain expgain: internal + 12.3 db + 12.3 db fixed rx expander gain expgain: external 0 db 0 db fixed expander: expansion about unaffected 1:2 2 1:2 2 fixed level (1000 mv, 0 dbv) rxlevel, receive volume control - 12 db - 12 db rxv[2:0] (+ 12 to - 9 db) (+ 12 to - 9 db) hfatten, rx handsfree attenuator 0 to - 49 db 0 to - 49 db rhf[2:0] earsense 0 db 0 db ears[3:0] (- 2.8 to + 3.2 db) (- 2.8 to + 3.2 db) ear piece driver 6 db 6 db fixed nominal receive gain - 6.7 db - 6.7 db fixed (expander bypassed) data and sat filters tx data path filter cut-off 16 khz 20 khz dataf[1:0] tx & rx bandpass sat filter centre 6 khz 6 khz fixed frequency notes: 1. attenuation with an external de-emphasis network of series 180 k ? with 10 nf to gnd at rxi input. 2. above the unaffected (0 db gain) level the expander provides gain and below this level it attenuates . table 24 - receive, data and sat gain and filter set-ups for user control bits 30 ACE9040 advance information table 25 - control messages operating mode word/bit d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 data 1 preemph mis dtmf3 dtmf2 dtmf1 dtmf0 tonem dtmfm data 2 dtmfmode1 dtmfmode0 dtmfen mli txm datm satm rxm data 3 eph1 hiz rxv2 rxv1 rxv0 pd 0 1 start-up bit settings data 1 00000000 00 hex data 2 00001111 0f hex data 3 11111001 f9 hex initializing mode 0 word/bit d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 data 1 softlimit sd satd4 satd3 satd2 satd1 satd0 rxsen4 data 2 rxsen3 rxsen2 rxsen1 rxsen0 inps4 inps3 inps2 inps1 data 3 inps0 comp2 comp1 pdlvc dtwist eph0 0 0 start-up bit settings data 1 10100001 a1 hex data 2 00001000 08 hex data 3 01001100 4c hex initializing mode 1 word/bit d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 data 1 ears3 ears2 ears1 ears0 audev3 audev2 audev1 audev0 data 2 datd3 datd2 datd1 datd0 txsen3 txsen2 txsen1 txsen0 data 3 tacs dataf1 dataf0 sats test1 test0 1 0 start-up bit settings (tacs) data 1 10001000 88 hex data 2 10001000 88 hex data 3 11000010 c2 hex handsfree word/bit d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 data 1 xxxxx0 0 0 data 2 0 x amps x x mig hfs hfp data 3 rhf2 rhf1 rhf0 thf2 thf1 thf0 1 1 start-up bit settings data 1 xxxxx0 0 0 00 hex data 2 0x0xx001 01 hex data 3 00000011 03 hex www.zarlink.com information relating to products and services furnished herein by zarlink semiconductor inc. or its subsidiaries (collectively ?zarlink?) is believed to be reliable. however, zarlink assumes no liability for errors that may appear in this publication, or for liability otherwise arising from t he application or use of any such information, product or service or for any infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights owned by third parties which may result from such application or use. neither the supply of such information or purchase of product or service conveys any license, either express or implied, u nder patents or other intellectual property rights owned by zarlink or licensed from third parties by zarlink, whatsoever. purchasers of products are also hereby notified that the use of product in certain ways or in combination with zarlink, or non-zarlink furnished goods or services may infringe patents or other intellect ual property rights owned by zarlink. this publication is issued to provide information only and (unless agreed by zarlink in writing) may not be used, applied or re produced for any purpose nor form part of any order or contract nor to be regarded as a representation relating to the products or services concerned. the products, t heir specifications, services and other information appearing in this publication are subject to change by zarlink without notice. no warranty or guarantee express or implied is made regarding the capability, performance or suitability of any product or service. information concerning possible methods of use is provided as a guide only and does not constitute any guarantee that such methods of use will be satisfactory in a specific piece of equipment. it is the user?s responsibility t o fully determine the performance and suitability of any equipment using such information and to ensure that any publication or data used is up to date and has not b een superseded. manufacturing does not necessarily include testing of all functions or parameters. these products are not suitable for use in any medical products whose failure to perform may result in significant injury or death to the user. all products and materials are sold and services provided subject to zarlink?s conditi ons of sale which are available on request. purchase of zarlink?s i 2 c components conveys a licence under the philips i 2 c patent rights to use these components in and i 2 c system, provided that the system conforms to the i 2 c standard specification as defined by philips. zarlink, zl and the zarlink semiconductor logo are trademarks of zarlink semiconductor inc. copyright zarlink semiconductor inc. all rights reserved. technical documentation - not for resale for more information about all zarlink products visit our web site at |
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